Nepal's first National Park is situated 162 km south of Kathmandu in the lowlands of the inner Terai. It covers an area of 932 sq. km. The park includes hilly areas covered by deciduous Sal forest. One fifth of the park is made up of the flood plains of Narayani, Rapti, and is covered by dense tall elephant grass interspersed with rive rine forests of silk cotton, acacia and sisam trees. This ecologically diverse area is a heaven of a wild variety of flora fauna.

This is the last remaining home in Nepal for the Asian One-horned rhino, Royal Bengal tiger, leopard, various species of deer, sloth bear, Rhesus monkey, wild boar, jackals, civets, mongooses, cats and snakes. The rivers and lakes are home to crocodiles and the extraordinary Gangetic dolphins. Chitwan is also a bird-watcher's delight with more than four hundred migrant and local species birds recorded. There are Cormorants, Herons, Egrets, Storks, Cranes, Ducks, Woodpeckers, Hawks, Osprey, Falcons, Kestrel, Parakeets, Ibis, Kites, Ckoos, Kingfishers, Swallows, Orioles, Drongos, Babblers and many others.

It is named Chitwan National Park in 2006 AD after the 2nd movement. Before it was known as Royal Chitwan National Park.